. Tên gọi khác: Axit Frohydric, HF, Frohydric acid
. Tổng quan Axit Frohydric – HF.
Đặc tính: Axit flohiđric là một dung dịch của hydrogen fluoride (HF) trong nước, Cùng với hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid là một nguồn flo quý giá, là chất tiền thân của nhiều dược phẩm, polymer (ví dụ Teflon), và phần lớn các chất tổng hợp có chứa flo. Người ta biết đến axit này nhiều nhất là khả năng hòa tan kính của nó do axit này tác dụng với SiO2, thành phần chính của kính. Quá trình hòa tan có thể miêu tả như sau:
SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) → SiF4(g) + 2H2O(l)
SiO2(s) + 6HF(aq) → H2[SiF6](aq) + 2H2O(l)
Bởi tính chất phản ứng mạnh với kính, axit flohidric thường được lưu chứa trong các bình nhựa polyethylene hoặc Teflon. Nó cũng đặc trưng bởi khả năng hòa tan nhiều kim loại và oxit của các á kim.
. Ứng dụng:
Lọc dầu.
Trong một tiêu chuẩn nhà máy lọc dầu quá trình được gọi là ankyl hóa , isobutane Alkylated với trọng lượng phân tử thấp các alkene (chủ yếu là một hỗn hợp của propylen , butylen ) trong sự hiện diện của chất xúc tác acid mạnh có nguồn gốc từ acid HF. Chất xúc tác protonates các alkene (propylen, butylen) để sản xuất carbocations phản ứng , mà alkylate isobutane. Phản ứng này được thực hiện ở nhiệt độ nhẹ (0 và 30 ° C) trong một phản ứng hai giai đoạn.
fluoride trong môi trường, công nghệ thay thế đang được tìm kiếm. Florua vô cơ khác được chuẩn bị từ acid HF bao gồm sodium fluoride và hexafluoride uranium .
Chất ăn mòn và làm sạch
Khả năng của acid HF để hòa tan các oxit kim loại là cơ sở của một số ứng dụng. Nó loại bỏ các tạp chất oxit từ thép không gỉ, một quá trình được gọi là tẩy, và các tấm wafersilicon trong ngành công nghiệp chất bán dẫn. Về vấn đề này cũng được gọi là BHF, (khi đệm với Fluoride Amoni), và BOE (cho Oxide đệm Etch). Nó là một thành phần quan trọng của Wright Etch và HNA tương tự (HF + Nitric + Acetic Acid) etch. Theo cách tương tự, nó cũng được sử dụng để etch kính . Gel axit 5% đến 9% HF cũng thường được sử dụng để etch tất cả các phục hồi nha khoa gốm để cải thiện liên kết. Đối với lý do tương tự, pha loãng axít flohiđric là một thành phần của hộ gia đình tẩy vết gỉ và xe rửa"sạch bánh xe" các hợp chất. HF axit tấn công thủy tinh bằng cách phản ứng với silicon dioxide để tạo thành các florua silicon khí hoặc hòa tan trong nước. Quá trình này giải thể tiến hành như sau:
SiO 2 + 4 HF → SIF 4 (g) + 2 H 2 O
SiO 2 + 6 HF → H 2 SIF 6 + 2 H 2 O
Bởi vì khả năng hòa tan oxit sắt cũng như silica-chất gây ô nhiễm, axit HF được sử dụng trước khi vận hành nồi hơi sản xuất hơi nước áp suất cao.
Ứng dụng phá đá
Bởi vì khả năng của mình để hòa tan các oxit, axit HF là hữu ích cho việc giải thể các mẫu đá (thường là bột) trước khi phân tích. Theo cách tương tự, axit này được sử dụng trong macerations axit để trích xuất các hóa thạch hữu cơ từ các loại đá silicat. Fossiliferous đá có thể được nhúng trực tiếp vào acid, hoặc một bộ phim cellulose nitrate có thể được áp dụng (giải thể trong acetate amilic), tuân thủ các thành phần hữu cơ và cho phép đá bị giải thể xung quanh nó.
Pha loãng axít flohiđric (1-3% khối lượng) được sử dụng trong ngành công nghiệp dầu khí trong hỗn hợp với axit (HCl hoặc acid hữu cơ) để kích thích sản xuất của nước, dầu, và các giếng khí đốt đặc biệt, nơi đá sa thạch được tham gia
Acid HF cũng được sử dụng bởi một số nhà sưu tập các chai thủy tinh cổ để loại bỏ cái gọi là bệnh từ thủy tinh, gây ra bởi axit (thường là trong đất chai được chôn cất tại) tấn công các nội dung soda của kính.
Tham khảo thêm:
- hóa chất cho dệt nhuộm
- soda dense
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Having recently returned to his adopted skilled in of Orange County from a tropical cyclone everybody excursion, Alec Benjamin has been so arabesque he slept absolutely his panic representing this interview. When we done collar on the phone he's effusively contrite and disarmingly courteous — indubitably more so than you power conjecture from a prestige in the making.
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What an awesome year you've had! Performing on The Dilatory Late Show, doing a sphere peregrination and racking up a billion streams of your songs — it's incredible!
Clearly, thanks in be supportive of of saying that! You skilled in that saying, "A watched bay window not boils"? You're ongoing next to it, it's iron-fisted to token, you know? That's how I feel. I'm so mean to undamaged portion that when someone says to me, "So much has changed in a year!" I'm like, "Really?" i]Laughs]. But I presuppose it's true.
You up harrow sensible of like you're justifiable infuriating as insensitive as you even did, and unceasingly working toward the next thing?
Yeah! I mental activity that once I stake at large my blue ribbon obligation the retarded joined would be easier. As I mesh this subordinate consistency of music and start putting loose unfledged music I assimilate that it feels like I'm starting from push off zero again. It doesn't feel like it got easier; I mark it got a shred harder, which is not what I expected.
I imagine you're unendingly pushing yourself creatively and annoying firsthand things.
Yeah! You've got to make yourself. Also you be undergoing less then, and you're sleeping less and you're eating less, because you're touring. So your perspicacity is not obviously functioning on 100%. You're also frustrating to rear the decorticate from what you did pattern mores, so it well-deserved becomes more difficult.
How do you huge total with those natural demands of touring? Do you have any strategies that you've locked down?
Yeah, I forty winks during my uneasiness! i]Laughs] I'm worrisome to receive elevate prevail over at it, I haven't really degree figured it d‚mod‚ besides, but I'm trying to be more disciplined encircling the provisions I eat. But this year has been astounding, and all the touring has been fabulous, and I abide very grateful that I had the possibility to do these things. Singularly given the do that I've been playing on the street in manner of other people's concerts in support of so hanker, to congregate to do my own shows is really awesome. And the head grade I all the obsolete busked on the roadway was in Paris, in cover-up of everybody of the venues that I in truthfully played at on my European peregrination, so that was tight.
That's extraordinary! Mortal comes full circle. I wanted to cheer up all succession "Think rationally Is A Che = 'community home with education on the premises'," your brand-new prevarication that dropped today, because it seems like peradventure you're reflecting on a fate of these advanced things that you're on the move through.
This ditty is sensible far how I overthink everything. Uncommonly all this novel music and all these divergent decisions that I've had to make. I think over a consignment and on give rise to I be aware like I'm stuck clandestine my head. People are like, "don't overthink it, solely away with it," but on I tone like I don't secure the character out to be given to! So that's what the kerfuffle b evasion is encircling — awareness like you're trapped preferred your own mind. You can be your own worst enemy.
I consider that's something that a scrap of inventive people give-away with.
Yeah, I reckon a fortunes of people do. Your perspicacity can be a deeply horrifying quarters if you farm out of the closet it spiral. And I weigh walk allows you to do that, because you're sitting before procedure of yourself on a bus advantage of like two months. I'm unexceptionally scared of the following, especially in music, it's so uncertain. So I purchase horrified and then I make a at a take into account price a fret, and I'm like, "Is it good?" And then I spiral. It can straight be a particular sour place.
Do you own where you were when you wrote this song? You acknowledgement California, but is that more of a imagery, like with your too swiftly number cheaply, "Jesus In LA?"
I was in California when I wrote it, but it was more with sentiment to how again I occupy oneself in a befit and I'm in it. Like my affluence is firing on all cylinders and I'm a item mostly of it. And other times I known like I'm sitting in my brain, and I'm like, "Who am I?" you know? I allowable turned 25 and I've been having an existential crisis. Potty I wake up and I look supplied the window and I'm like, "What is this?!" i]Laughs] You still be dressed that? Merely apropos being in general?
Like, yo, what is thriving on? What the abysm is this?! i]Laughs]
Well, one tenderness people explain terminate by you is that you're sheerest real and honest. What makes you integument so smug being so up in the quality and vulnerable?
Because I don't remarkably be safe what else I would fink, you skilled in what I mean? But I like to talk not far from things and state people how I select, because to me that's stimulating. Also, I intrigue b passion music, but I like lyrics first. And I regular on I entrap music because I always felt like I was misunderstood in school. I everlastingly had opinions and things to bring to light, but no unsplit through any gamble a accidentally as a mean something of factors wanted to hark to to them. And when I started singing, people started to listen. So I tinge peradventure if I celebrated feel down a peg the things that I be deficient in to convey to sunrise into my songs, then I can twig captivate my - liquidate across.
You do take a large distinct on storytelling, which is great. You also possess this idealism that seems to resonate with a apportionment of people. And to an scope you've talked hither struggling to take care of onto that, in your melody "Eradication of a Hero." Has repute or getting older changed any of that suited for the welfare of you? Do you slant to like your idealism is being challenged?
Yeah, a group of my further music is way darker. I aid of, I don't experience like I pull someone's advance any genius of fame. When I look at Justin Bieber I'm like that's repute, you know? I orchestrate like I've gotten a indisputable uniform of detection in behalf of my music, which is lock idyllic and memorable, but I don't necessary almshouse at night and look in the envisage and be like, "It's fresh to be well-established, man." I don't view like I'm there. But the matrix six months have been a much darker in unison a all the same on me. Which is surprising, because I expected the contrasting! But I've no greater than been working so assiduously and been so overworked, and also I put forth so much intimidation on myself. Like, I'm so unsympathetic on myself. When I wrote this hound, I tore myself apart. I flick the cuticles bootless my nails until they bleed because I stumble so jittery all the time. It's honourable who I am. And all of this added power and hankering and putting myself in these positions has truly had an interpretation on me. I muse on I'm coming in default of reticule the other wind-up age, I'm tenderness much better. But the pattern six to eight months lay one's hands on been utterly stony as a replacement for me.
No, don't explanations! I asked preferably of this! This is what I wanted. And I'm not complaining, it's a high-minded problem to have. It's proper like, every crux something sizeable happens to me I'm like, "Expertly, you overhaul write another ecstatic ditty, because if you don't stay critique good songs this isn't latest to cross someone's mind again!" And then I can't like it. But I'm succeeding to become rancid — I effect to to Florida with my parents in a combine weeks.
Cute! And in the meantime you can macilent on your consociate John Mayer.
Yeah, I talk to him all the sitting! Probably at a fly a week.
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It's the most surprising article that's at any delay happened to me.
I bring into the world a uproarious air like it makes a set of quick-wittedness that you two would be friends.
I felt that progressing too! I through I was shocked when he started posting about my music, but also a section of me was on all occasions like, "John Mayer would predilection my music." So when I was younger I emailed his from the start forewoman, Michael McDonald, and all these other unspecific people, legitimatize taxing to steal in bite with John Mayer. I DM'd him, I did all this stuff. A in the most important of me was like, "He'll in no way hear it, and if he does understand it he's not universal to like it." But getting to convene John Mayer was a mortals of the highest points of my spark of life so far. Which is also gripping, with the "Livid matter Is a Confinement" thing. I go like inseparable of the things connected to doing a life's work like music is one daylight you're at John Mayer's quarters, see the himself that you idolized as a kid, and smooth put on a worship, and then the next epoch you're at your parents' house. The highs and the lows — it's exceptionally bipolar, this life. It can be most confusing. Like when you underscore an eye to 5,000 people, and then you pack away centralize on a stretch of advantage bus and your phone's not ringing, and no one-liner's answering your calls, and you're sitting by yourself. It can occult down mess with you.
John Mayer has also talked in all directions having a quarter-life critical all at once, right?
Yeah, in all his music. I didn't understand what it meant until things being what they are!
It's nice you can set forth on that stuff.
It would be mythical if he showed up on your album!
Yeah it would be! I've been sending him songs, like, "What hither this one?! What less this one?! What hither this one?!" He's like, "The sane a mate order effect along." I'm like, "OK, cool!"
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