. Tên gọi khác: Axit Frohydric, HF, Frohydric acid
. Tổng quan Axit Frohydric – HF.
Đặc tính: Axit flohiđric là một dung dịch của hydrogen fluoride (HF) trong nước, Cùng với hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid là một nguồn flo quý giá, là chất tiền thân của nhiều dược phẩm, polymer (ví dụ Teflon), và phần lớn các chất tổng hợp có chứa flo. Người ta biết đến axit này nhiều nhất là khả năng hòa tan kính của nó do axit này tác dụng với SiO2, thành phần chính của kính. Quá trình hòa tan có thể miêu tả như sau:
SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) → SiF4(g) + 2H2O(l)
SiO2(s) + 6HF(aq) → H2[SiF6](aq) + 2H2O(l)
Bởi tính chất phản ứng mạnh với kính, axit flohidric thường được lưu chứa trong các bình nhựa polyethylene hoặc Teflon. Nó cũng đặc trưng bởi khả năng hòa tan nhiều kim loại và oxit của các á kim.
. Ứng dụng:
Lọc dầu.
Trong một tiêu chuẩn nhà máy lọc dầu quá trình được gọi là ankyl hóa , isobutane Alkylated với trọng lượng phân tử thấp các alkene (chủ yếu là một hỗn hợp của propylen , butylen ) trong sự hiện diện của chất xúc tác acid mạnh có nguồn gốc từ acid HF. Chất xúc tác protonates các alkene (propylen, butylen) để sản xuất carbocations phản ứng , mà alkylate isobutane. Phản ứng này được thực hiện ở nhiệt độ nhẹ (0 và 30 ° C) trong một phản ứng hai giai đoạn.
fluoride trong môi trường, công nghệ thay thế đang được tìm kiếm. Florua vô cơ khác được chuẩn bị từ acid HF bao gồm sodium fluoride và hexafluoride uranium .
Chất ăn mòn và làm sạch
Khả năng của acid HF để hòa tan các oxit kim loại là cơ sở của một số ứng dụng. Nó loại bỏ các tạp chất oxit từ thép không gỉ, một quá trình được gọi là tẩy, và các tấm wafersilicon trong ngành công nghiệp chất bán dẫn. Về vấn đề này cũng được gọi là BHF, (khi đệm với Fluoride Amoni), và BOE (cho Oxide đệm Etch). Nó là một thành phần quan trọng của Wright Etch và HNA tương tự (HF + Nitric + Acetic Acid) etch. Theo cách tương tự, nó cũng được sử dụng để etch kính . Gel axit 5% đến 9% HF cũng thường được sử dụng để etch tất cả các phục hồi nha khoa gốm để cải thiện liên kết. Đối với lý do tương tự, pha loãng axít flohiđric là một thành phần của hộ gia đình tẩy vết gỉ và xe rửa"sạch bánh xe" các hợp chất. HF axit tấn công thủy tinh bằng cách phản ứng với silicon dioxide để tạo thành các florua silicon khí hoặc hòa tan trong nước. Quá trình này giải thể tiến hành như sau:
SiO 2 + 4 HF → SIF 4 (g) + 2 H 2 O
SiO 2 + 6 HF → H 2 SIF 6 + 2 H 2 O
Bởi vì khả năng hòa tan oxit sắt cũng như silica-chất gây ô nhiễm, axit HF được sử dụng trước khi vận hành nồi hơi sản xuất hơi nước áp suất cao.
Ứng dụng phá đá
Bởi vì khả năng của mình để hòa tan các oxit, axit HF là hữu ích cho việc giải thể các mẫu đá (thường là bột) trước khi phân tích. Theo cách tương tự, axit này được sử dụng trong macerations axit để trích xuất các hóa thạch hữu cơ từ các loại đá silicat. Fossiliferous đá có thể được nhúng trực tiếp vào acid, hoặc một bộ phim cellulose nitrate có thể được áp dụng (giải thể trong acetate amilic), tuân thủ các thành phần hữu cơ và cho phép đá bị giải thể xung quanh nó.
Pha loãng axít flohiđric (1-3% khối lượng) được sử dụng trong ngành công nghiệp dầu khí trong hỗn hợp với axit (HCl hoặc acid hữu cơ) để kích thích sản xuất của nước, dầu, và các giếng khí đốt đặc biệt, nơi đá sa thạch được tham gia
Acid HF cũng được sử dụng bởi một số nhà sưu tập các chai thủy tinh cổ để loại bỏ cái gọi là bệnh từ thủy tinh, gây ra bởi axit (thường là trong đất chai được chôn cất tại) tấn công các nội dung soda của kính.
Tham khảo thêm:
- hóa chất cho dệt nhuộm
- soda dense
DavidBup, 11.04.2022
Необходимо построить быстровозводимое здание? Тогда на www.bystrovozvodimye-zdanija.ru/ - строительство в короткие сроки по минимальной цене с вводов в эксплуатацию!
http://2qr.ru/http://bystrovozvodimye-zdanija.ru
christidn4, 11.04.2022
Scandal porn galleries, daily updated lists
http://desiindianporn.hotblognetwork.com/?mallory
dexter and dee dee porn hardcore porn images free braceface lesbian porn porn ziddu video porn xxxx fuck sex
MichaelFaina, 10.04.2022
accumulate up this gret trade sloto legal tender casino download
ZacherySpato, 10.04.2022
mycryptomixerore
Top 7 Bitcoin Mixers and Tumblers to use in 2022 and Beyond
Best Bitcoin blender 2022, Top 5 Bitcoin mixer, Top 10 Bitcoin mixer, Bitcoin mixer
Initially, Bitcoin transactions were said to be anonymous and completely private. Bitcoin is considered a payment method that cannot be tracked down. But instead, information about Bitcoin transactions is open to third parties. But what if you want to make a completely anonymous Bitcoin transaction? Well, this is where the concept of Bitcoin mixers comes into place.
Bitcoin mixers are pretty helpful when you want to protect your privacy and hide where your transactions are going.
However, this is still a pretty new concept to many. So if you are wondering what it is, here is an explanation:
What is a Bitcoin Mixer?
A bitcoin mixer or tumbler is an external service. It is basically an internet platform that offers you the mixing service for your coins.
The service mixes different streams of cryptocurrency and anonymizes it. As a result, you get to gain complete privacy of your transactions and funds. Because Bitcoin mixers make it hard to trace the transaction.
Also, in today's time, bitcoin mixer services have become a necessity. Since almost all the crypto exchanges now require your personal documents to prove your identity. As a result, your transactions are accessible.
Though there are many anonymous crypto exchanges available in the market which don't require you to do a KYC but they have their own set of challenges and risks to use.
The job of a Bitcoin mixer is to break down your funds into smaller sets and mix them up with other transactions. After this process, the recipient gets the same value in Bitcoin. But instead, they receive a different set of coins.
As a result, bitcoin tracing becomes more difficult, and the bitcoin mixer breaks the link between those specific coins and an individual.
Also, when you use Bitcoin Tumblers, you receive new coins which are not really associated with your identity. Hence, you regain your privacy.
However, bitcoin mixer services attract a small fee. But they are pretty helpful in confusing bitcoin tracking solutions tracking down your transactions.
Top 7 Bitcoin Mixers and Tumblers
1. ChipMixer
First of all, there is the ChipMixer. This one is one of the popular Bitcoin mixers available out there, which is pretty easy to use and secure. The user interface is so simple that you don't need any technical expertise to use it.
The best part of this one is that it offers you full control over mixing. Plus, the outputs are fungible, meaning that each chip is exactly the same. Also, you can withdraw your private keys instantly, and it offers you faster outputs.
Along with that, it also allows you to merge small chops into big ones. Also, its first mixer allows you to merge inputs privately.
There is also no need to sign up for an account that makes your activity completely anonymous. Also, you get a receipt of receiving funds from ChipMixer, which will act as a signed source of funds.
What's more? The service uses predefined wallets to deliver your Bitcoin. This makes tracing impossible. Also, it functions as a donation only service.
2. ULTRAMIXER
Next, there is the ULTRAMIXER. This one is one of the high-quality bitcoin mixing services available out there. The platform makes it extremely easy to mix your cryptocurrency.
FoxMixer works as a state of the art service for restoring and keeping security and privacy in the bitcoin ecosystem. It accepts your Bitcoin and mixes them in a huge and constantly changing pool of Bitcoin, and returns a new and fully independent set of Bitcoins.
As a result, it comes tough for backtracking of transactions. So no one will get to know where you have spent your bitcoins.
Along with that, it also offers you a detailed page that informs you about the current progress of every mix. So you can get quick information about the procedure.
Also, once a mix is created, the individual status page is the central and reliable source of information throughout the whole lifecycle of the mix. So you can bookmark the page to get every information about your mix.
Plus, it offers random transactions according to the current trading volume. This really helps in making your transactions blend in.
3. SmartMixer
SmartMixer is another popular service that you can try out. The service is extremely easy. All you need to do is enter the address and send coins, and the platform will mix your coins. Then the receiver will get untraceable coins.
The platform gives you 100% anonymity by deleting all the details of transactions immediately after mixing.
Along with that, the link to check the status of the mixing process will get deleted 24 after or you can delete it manually. Also, it doesn't really require any personal information from you. Or you need to create an account.
In addition to that, it uses 3 different pools with cryptocurrencies of different combinations of sources. As a result, your bitcoin becomes completely anonymous.
Moreover, SmartMixer also has affordable services fees as it only charges you 1%. The discount will be automatically calculated depending on the total amount on each currency you have mixed.
Also, it is extremely fast. As it only requires two confirmations to complete a transaction.
4. Anonymix
Up next, there is the Anonymix. This Bitcoin mixer offers you tons of features, and it is extremely easy to use. The best part of Anonymix is that it comes with speed and security.
You can simply choose a quick mix to receive your coins after one confirmation. Also, you can implement extra security by using a timed or random delay to make your coins difficult to track.
It is also a high capacity mixer. As the platform holds crypto assets in both hot and cold storage. And the mix can handle up to 180 bitcoins.
Furthermore, you can increase the security of your mix by making deposits from multiple wallets. Or send your mixed funds to up to five receiving addresses. Also, it issues a certificate of origin with every mix.
What's more? The platform also keeps zero logs. Plus, it offers you the option to delete your mix immediately. Or it gets auto-deleted after one week.
5. CryptoMixer
Next, there is the CryptoMixer. The platform offers you a letter of guarantee for every transaction, and it is extremely secure.
CryptoMixer uses advanced encryption methods to ensure the integrity of all data stored. Plus, it minimizes the risk of blockchain analysis. Along with that, it provides you with a unique code to prevent mixing their coins with the ones they've sent to us before.
Along with that, it offers you impressive mixing capabilities. It doesn't matter if you want to mix 0.001 BTC or several hundreds of coins, it offers you a convenient solution.
Also, it has over 2000 BTC in its cryptocurrency reserves. So mixing large amounts of bitcoins won't be an issue.
Along with that, it only charges 1% and more for each transaction. Also, it helps you avoid overspending as it offers you affordable fees, which are about 0.5% + 0.0005 BTC and can be customized.
6. Mixertumbler
You can also try using the Mixer Tumbler. It is one of the best Bitcoin mixers that allows you to send BTC anonymously. It uses several Bitcoin pools for low value and high-value transactions. As a result, you will receive untraceable coins.
Also, its mixer cannot be listed by blockchain analysis or other forms of research. So your coins are protected.
As well as it ensures that your identity is private, as it has a no-logs policy. Also, the platform deletes your transaction history 24 hours after your order has been executed. Plus, there is no need to sign up.
The platform also charges pretty low fees. The fees range from 1-5%. Also, you can enjoy other discounts.
What's more? The website is also tor friendly which will encrypt all your transactions and locations. So none of your information gets leaked.
7. Blender.io
Lastly, there is Blender.io. This is another easy to use Bitcoin mixer that you can try out. Also, it doesn't require you to have any pre-mixing knowledge.
The best part of the website is that it allows the users to determine how much they want to pay as a service fee. Also, it has a welcome minimum deposit fee. So you can experiment with the website.
It charges a service fee between 0.05% and 2.5%. And as a user, you can choose the amount to be paid for each transaction.
Moreover, it requires a minimum deposit of 0.01 BTC. Along with that, it is extremely fast. As it requires only one network confirmation to process your order. Additionally, you can add a delay of up to 24 hours.
Plus, it supports multiple BTC addresses. Also, it has a no data retention policy. As a result, all data gets deleted after 24 hours of executing an order.
Closing Words:
So that was all about what is a Bitcoin mixer and the top bitcoin mixers and tumblers available out there. Now go ahead and check these services out and see if they are working for you. Also, for any other questions, do feel free to comment below.
Clunc, 10.04.2022
At last someone wrote something very important about such hot topic and it is very relevant nowadays.
נערות ליווי
dimmtonnik@rambler.ru, 10.04.2022
Как ухаживать за водным транспортом. Мойка и уборка на водном транспорте wb.matrixplus.ru
Как собрать с ребенком радиолюбительский компьютер, технологии, методики, сборки и настройки.
Орион-128 ПРК для учебы и программирования
wb.matrixplus.ru
Химия для клининга купить химию для клининга и уборки
Химия для ультразвуковой очистки форсунок и деталей купить тестовые и очищающие жидкости
Все для детского творчества, как научиться работать руками и мозгами
kirkrq1, 10.04.2022
New supsr hot photo galleries, daily updated collections
http://columbiana.miaxxx.com/?katherine
porn hacked password free non flash porn sites tasha lynn porn jubilee redhead porn witny stevens porn
JamesRaise, 10.04.2022
Completely I share your opinion. In it something is and it is excellent idea. It is ready to support you.
https://xlilith.com/search/eating-pussy/
RobertCom, 10.04.2022
I join. And I have faced it. We can communicate on this theme. Here or in PM.
https://gay0day.com/search/korean-masturbate/
MichaelBet, 10.04.2022
Logically
https://thetranny.com/tags/oil/
ChesterHup, 10.04.2022
The ideal answer
Albertvoils, 10.04.2022
Very good piece
rosellabl60, 10.04.2022
Big Ass Photos - Free Huge Butt Porn, Big Booty Pics
http://freepornchikan.thenewporn.relayblog.com/?rocio
fitch porn films grand ma squirt porn free porn pic hunters free fat gay men porn sonic porn stories
Nonelladorp, 10.04.2022
I share with you professional website promotion services. The best price, the work is done within a few days. More than 1500 backlinks are created. Money back guarantee. A professional works through the kwork exchange https://kwork.com.
Here is the link https://kwork.com/offpageseo/13467403/professional-website-promotion-1500-good-back-links
ninna200422, 10.04.2022
Как чистить форсунки. Купить химию для очистки форсунок инжекторных двигателей
Качественная химия для очистки форсунок и инжекторов. Купить химию для тестирования форсунок
uzo.matrixplus.ru
Купить химию для мойки и очистки днищ катеров, яхт, гидроциклов, лодок.
wc.matrixplus.ru
Покупка и продажа микросхем, транзисторов, оптронов, диодов, тиристоров rdk.regionsv.ru
Купить химию щелочного действия для мойки вагонов. Любая качественная химия для мойки вагонов и уборки.
pollydem, 10.04.2022
Как собрать 8-ми битный компьютер. Процессоры z80 кр1858вм1, к580вм80а, км1810вм85 и прочии аналоги
Орион Супер Турбо г. Ташкент Как собрать такой компьютер.
rdk.regionsv.ru
Все про Орион-128 сборка и наладка Орионов и его клонов.
rdk.regionsv.ru
Химия для УЗО, купить химию для ультразвуквой очистки плат Химия для очистки и промывки форсунок
Химия для мойки катеров Как отмыть днище лодки и яхты
DanielAdmip, 10.04.2022
SSN Penetration Method - Carding, Trojan
GamerJug, 10.04.2022
Best Crazy Games is a game publisher made to provide the best online games on the web. Every day we publish new fresh games with high and quality gameplay.
https://crazygamesonlinecom.tumblr.com/
SimonFab, 10.04.2022
KYCCOIN KYCC - KYCCOIN , CRYPTO for Wallet CryptoNews BITCOIN ,KYCCOIN KYCC ,TOP 1 CRYPTO .KYC WALLET TOP CRYPTO WALLET и CRYPTONEWS,CRYPTOTOP. KYCCOIN is first top crypto .
MichaelWed, 10.04.2022
you could try here https://mostbeter.com/
Viết bình luận cho sản phẩm này!